Fastener Reference

Comprehensive fastener torque specifications, bolt dimensions, and engineering reference data for mechanical design.

Fastener Reference Charts

Comprehensive reference for bolt sizes, torque specifications, and fastener properties

Standard Bolt Torque (ft-lbs)

Grade 5 bolts, dry conditions

Size Coarse Thread Fine Thread
1/4"-2089
5/16"-181719
3/8"-163135
7/16"-144955
1/2"-137585
9/16"-12109123
5/8"-11150169
3/4"-10270304
7/8"-9395446
1"-8590665

Metric Torque (N⋅m)

Grade 8.8 bolts, dry conditions

Size Coarse Thread Fine Thread
M6×1.01012
M8×1.252528
M10×1.55057
M12×1.7590102
M14×2.0140158
M16×2.0225255
M18×2.5310350
M20×2.5435490
M22×2.5580650
M24×3.0750850

Important Notes

  • Torque values are for dry, unlubricated threads
  • Reduce torque by 25% for lubricated bolts
  • Always verify grade markings on bolt heads
  • Use calibrated torque wrenches for critical applications

Hex Head Cap Screw Dimensions

ANSI/ASME B18.3.1M standard

Size Head Diameter Head Height Hex Key Size
1/4"-200.375"0.250"3/16"
5/16"-180.469"0.313"1/4"
3/8"-160.563"0.375"5/16"
7/16"-140.656"0.438"3/8"
1/2"-130.750"0.500"7/16"
5/8"-110.938"0.625"9/16"
3/4"-101.125"0.750"5/8"
7/8"-91.313"0.875"3/4"
1"-81.500"1.000"7/8"

Nut Dimensions

Heavy hex nuts, ANSI B18.2.2

Size Width Across Flats Width Across Corners Thickness
1/4"-200.438"0.505"0.226"
5/16"-180.563"0.650"0.289"
3/8"-160.625"0.722"0.352"
7/16"-140.750"0.866"0.446"
1/2"-130.875"1.010"0.508"
5/8"-111.125"1.299"0.633"
3/4"-101.313"1.516"0.727"
7/8"-91.500"1.732"0.852"
1"-81.688"1.949"0.946"

Unified Thread Standard

UNC (Coarse) and UNF (Fine) threads

Size UNC (Coarse) UNF (Fine) Pitch (inches)
#440480.025 / 0.021
#632400.031 / 0.025
#832360.031 / 0.028
#1024320.042 / 0.031
#1224280.042 / 0.036
1/4"20280.050 / 0.036
5/16"18240.056 / 0.042
3/8"16240.063 / 0.042
7/16"14200.071 / 0.050
1/2"13200.077 / 0.050

Metric Thread Pitch

ISO metric coarse and fine threads

Size Coarse Pitch Fine Pitch Extra Fine
M30.5--
M40.70.5-
M50.80.5-
M61.00.750.5
M81.251.00.75
M101.51.251.0
M121.751.51.25
M142.01.51.25
M162.01.51.0
M202.52.01.5

Steel Grade Properties

Common fastener steel grades

Grade Tensile Strength (psi) Yield Strength (psi) Material
Grade 274,00057,000Low/Medium Carbon Steel
Grade 5120,00092,000Medium Carbon Steel
Grade 8150,000130,000Medium Carbon Alloy Steel
A325120,00092,000Structural Bolts
A490150,000130,000High Strength Structural
316 SS80,00030,000Stainless Steel

Metric Grade Properties

ISO metric fastener grades

Grade Tensile Strength (MPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Material
4.6400240Low Carbon Steel
5.8500400Medium Carbon Steel
8.8800640Medium Carbon Steel
10.91000900Alloy Steel
12.912001080Alloy Steel
A2-70700450Stainless Steel