Joint Configuration
Material Layers
Layer 1
Engineering Guidelines
Thread Engagement
- Minimum: 1.0 × bolt diameter
- Standard: 1.5 × bolt diameter
- Structural: 2.0 × bolt diameter
- Critical applications: 2.5 × diameter
Material Considerations
- Soft materials may require larger washers
- Dissimilar metals may require isolation
- Environmental factors affect material choice
- Torque specifications vary by material
Safety Factors
- Add 10-20% safety margin for critical joints
- Consider thermal expansion/contraction
- Account for manufacturing tolerances
- Verify with manufacturer specifications
Common Applications
- Structural connections: Use grade 8 bolts
- Machinery: Consider dynamic loading
- Outdoor: Galvanized or stainless steel
- High temp: Temperature-rated materials